Fractures are often accentuated in the wellbore by the drilling process, which breaks out the fracture on both sides of. Borehole imaging tools principles and applications by philippe gaillot, tim brewer, philippe pezard, and enchao yeh doi. The key objective of dipmeter and borehole image interpretation is to describe structural and stratigraphic features encountered by a wellbore, commonly in the absence of core. Using image logs to identify facies in heterogeneous. Industrystandard wireline image tools, topcombinable with openhole wire. Fracture identification from image logs resistivity imager logs, also called microscanner or fms or fmi logs, carry an array of electrodes on pads used to produce an electrical image of the formations seen on the borehole wall. The image fracture facies assists in the structural interpretation of the image log data as it provides a qualitative measurement of the fracture intensity including intervals where the conventional fracture classification could not resolve the single fractures anymore. Aerial photographic and satellite image interpretation. This example shows a comparison between a resistivity image log left and a core right of an upper morrow sandstone channel from the mustang east field in morton county, kansas, as described by devries2006. In oil and gas reservoirs, having the faults attributes such as dip inclination degree, dip azimuth, strike, location of the faults and the type of the faults is essential due to their effect on production rate. Mack, finle technologies, a division of klatencor, austin, texas projection imaging tools, such as scanners, steppers, or stepandscan tools, project an image of a mask pattern into air, and then ultimately into the photoresist.
Borehole imaging tools principles and applications. If you are working with older logs that exist in the well files, be cautious in using them. Historical log interpretation charts by editor and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Log interpretation principlesapplications schlumberger. It illustrates the value of integrating highresolution dipmeter and borehole image data with seismic, well log, and geological knowledge in order to construct integrated subsurface modes.
The value of the measurement is plotted continuously. Comprehensive borehole image interpretation of structure, stratigraphy, sedimentology, geomechanical stress analysis, reservoir characterisation and geomodeling inputs. It involves identification of various objects on the terrain which may be natural or artificial consists of points, lines, or polygons. Dipmeter data, borehole image logs and interpretation. This mainly refers to its usage in military aerial reconnaissance using photographs taken from reconnaissance aircraft and satellites the principles of image interpretation have been developed empirically for more than 150 years. Photographic interpretation is the act of examining photographic images for the purpose of identifying objects and judging their significance colwell, 1997.
Therefore, in this work a new method will be introduced to provide this geological information. Clear drilling fluid is required for downhole video not often the case. After finishing with each image, pass it to the next group and collect the next image. Icor iraw id k ig id log transformation using a log lookup table allows this. Structural and fracture analysis using emi and fmi image log in the carbonate 173 borehole. By using the formation micro imager fmi tool, the fault interpretation job will be. Creation of graphics output in various formats, including pdf, cgm, postscript, emf, bmp. Uniformity correction is performed subtracting the dark offset and adjusting for gain differences. Extensively revised to address todays technological advances, aerial photography and image interpretation, third edition offers a thorough survey of the technology, techniques, processes, and methods used to create and interpret aerial photographs.
For the past 35 years, geologists and engineers have correlated electric and radioactivity logs. Borehole image analysis and geological interpretation of. During the first 20 years, this correlation consisted. Borehole imaging is among the fastest and most accurate methods for collecting high resolution subsurface data. The truncated surface, as highlighted by truncation, and. All subsurface image log and dipmeter tools are processed through state of the art pc workstation third party programs. The wellbore image log obtained from deeper portions of the well 3057. For image processing and interpretation we provide the most comprehensive system available. A systematic approach to image interpretation mark williams. Older acoustic televiewer log left and interpretation image right the resolution of the tool allows us to determine events of about 10 mm in width. Image log interpretation in starsteer geosteering software. Image log processing and interpretation paradigm ltd. Speed corrections, button correlation, padflap correlation, swingarm, deadfaulty button, and more.
Handles all known imaging tools, both wireline and lwdmwd by all logging companies. Inspire a love of reading with prime book box for kids discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that delivers new books every 1. The acceleration in the direction of the tool body axis is used to calculate a speedcorrected image. Dipmeter refers to the bedding data depth, dip, azimuth, quality, etc. It was an example of fault interpretation that we did in a production well, located in gachsaran field. Elements of image interpretation tone and color green red nearinfrared color composite rgb green, red, nearinfrared. Generally, manual interpretation requires little, if any, specialized equipment, while digital analysis requires specialized, and often expensive, equipment. Image log processing and interpretation a powerful borehole image analysis tool. Application of a modern electrical borehole imager and a new image interpretation technique to evaluate the porosity and permeability in carbonate reservoirs. Foulk has over 25 years of business, customer service, geologic, interpretation, engineering, management, and sales experience in the oil and gas industry. Older acoustic image log left and interpretation image.
Provides an overview of image interpretation principles. Manual interpretation is often limited to analyzing only a single channel of data or a single image at a time due to the difficulty in performing visual interpretation with multiple images. Relating log character to sedimentary facies building a reservoir model model 1. Image log interpretationgeomechanicscritically stressed. Recent breakthroughs in acquisition, tool design, and modeling software provide realtime subsurface images of incredible detail, from the drill bit straight to a workstation. Results and outputs are on archived online with clients and reports in pdf. Fractures were picked on the image logs and classified into various fracture sets. Interpret regression coefficient estimates levellevel. Well log is one of the most fundamental methods for reservoir characterization, in oil and gas industry, it is an essential method for geoscientist to acquire more knowledge about the condition below the surface by using physical properties of rocks. Fault identification using borehole image log for mississippian limestone horizontal well completion design yinghao chen1, bruce miller2, charles wickstrom3, and shane matson3. May 30, 2017 image log interpretation in starsteer geosteering software.
The classification scheme or interpretation criteria must be agreed upon with the end user before the analysis begins. Older acoustic image log left and interpretation image right. Pdf image log interpretation and geomechanical issues. Industrystandard wireline image tools, topcombinable with openhole wireline tools commonly used in the framework of iodpicdp. Stereonet based dip analysis, including azimuth vector and cumulative dip capability. Top nasa images solar system collection ames research center. Before image logs existed, however, dipmeter interpretation relied on tad poles computed from wellbore data. Structural and fracture analysis using emi and fmi image. Tadpole analysis and gr signatures in continental and shelf. Resistivity image logging extended the technology of the dipmeter by. Image interpretation keys historically referred to as photo interpretation keys are designed to aid in the identification of features.
Each module covers a particular anatomical area, and both the appendicular and axial skeleton are. Image log interpretation and geomechanical issues 241 fig. Aerial photography and image interpretation wiley online books. We recently added a new capability converting old 60inch paper borehole image plots or pdf files into digital data that can be interpreted as modern image dlis files. In this study independent fmi interpretation is integrated with. Each module covers a particular anatomical area, and both the appendicular and axial skeleton are covered. Published in 1991, log interpretation principlesapplications provides a thorough background of log interpretation. Lm3 well is an example of fracture data acquisition using obm system drilled in west natuna basin. The results of image interpretation are most often delivered as a set of attributed points, lines, andor polygons in any one of a variety of cad or gis data formats.
Pdf structural geological texts, research papers and journals are progressively incorporating well loggingrelated studies and geomechanical. Image log technology is a new technology that can characterize the oil and gas reservoirs in many cases such as structural analysis, fracture characterization. Dipmeter and borehole image log technology geoscienceworld. To derive useful spatial information from images is the task of image interpretation. Kgsgeological log analysisresistivity image logging. Succeeding chapters 2 through 6 introduce the reader to specific log types. Back to the future part iv howard brekke independent image log specialist in 1990, walid muwais and derald smith published the first paper demonstrating the use of dipmeter logs for mapping point bar deposits in the mcmurray formation. Interpretations are dependent on interval, however a typical session is about three four mandays. Single well composite log display generation using the imagelog module. This course provides numerous handson exercises and case studies that emphasize sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural applications of these widely run, but. Lwd image interpretation hef petrophysical consulting.
Image log interpretation and geomechanical issues 247 image logs are to be interpreted carefully as the drillinginduced fractures and drillingenhanced natural fractures fig. This job showed that how useful image log technology is to locate the faults in oil and gas fields. Pabdeh and gurpi formations fractures, derived from image log. This presentation details a method that uses borehole image logs to extend corebased facies and process analysis to intervals that lack core, in abovementioned sedimentary systems. Many natural and manmade features on the ground have very unique shapes that can be referenced in photo and image interpretation. Borehole image analysis geolog enables both interactive and fully automatic image analysis. Realtime borehole images of the formation and dip data with 0.
Images can be visualized and analyzed in userdefined displays alongside other log data, core photos, rose plots, stereonets, etc. This procedure is often used as the first step of image interpretation. Well log analysis for reservoir characterization aapg wiki. Predict facies in wells without core, but with good logs 4. Fracture apertures are usually extremely over emphasized. Each group chooses a famous landsat scene from the earth as art collection. Aapg memoir 92 portrays key applications of dipmeter and image log data across the exploration and production life cycle. Fracture interpretation based on electrical and acoustic.
Jun 29, 2012 basic evaluation of south louisiana well log. Elements of image interpretation tone and color green red nearinfrared midinfrared true color false color. Basic relationships of well log interpretation introduction this chapter provides a general introduction to well logging principles and methods that will be used throughout the book. By using this job, we explained the way that we can find out the detailed information about the faults in oil and gas reservoirs. Older acoustic image logs older acoustic image logs have even poorer resolution than current versions. Image interpretation keys are typically project specific, and are most often employed in those cases where a group of image analysts are interpreting individual areas, but must generate a consistent product.
Lwd image interpretation hef has interpreted hundreds of logging while drilling image logs lwd using gamma ray, density and resistivity images from all over the world. After holding multiple positions at schlumberger and marathon oil, she created integrated geosolutions, inc. The new, completely updated edition of the aerial photography classic. This volume portrays key applications of dipmeter and image log data across the exploration and production life cycle. The complete poster of image log analysis by devries is available as a downloadable pdf file from. The image interpretation elearning programme, also known as interpretation of radiological images eiri, is being developed by the society and college of radiographers, in collaboration with the health education england elearning for healthcare programme. The various openhole services offered by schlumberger are discussed in some detail, together with essential methods of interpretation and basic applications. The tool can be run either in dip mode and or image mode, and all button resistivity data are recorded at a maximum logging speed of. At task fronterra we provide topclass borehole image interpretation services, with the aim to extract the maximum value from your wireline logs. Gain image ig obtained by averaging many images obtained with a uniform xray fluence. Dipmeter data, borehole image logs and interpretation 1.
Borehole image log analysis for sedimentary environment. We are dedicated to providing comprehensive borehole image log analysis and interpretation that is tailored to our clients specific requirements. Dipmeter data, borehole image logs and interpretation kris vickerman may 25, 2016 2. April 11, 2008 fms processing processing is required to convert the 64 electrical current traces recorded into a colorscale resistivity image.
Image interpretation of remote sensing data is to extract qualitative and quantitative information from the photograph or imagery. This presentation details a method that uses borehole image logs to extend corebased facies and process analysis to intervals that lack core, in abovementioned sedimentary. Urgent project turnaround times are within 24 hours from receipt of data, provided data quality is optimum. Image log interpretation and lessons learnt from fracture data. Geolog provides extensive borehole image processing workflows and advanced analysis capabilities for both interactive interpretation and automatic detection of bedding dip, fracture analysis, classification of rock texture and quantitative image analyses. Fill the gaps between wells 28 cores 1600 wells 108 million cells log datum terminology kb kelly bushing elevation. The words dipmeter and borehole image log are pretty loaded and can mean a lot of things depending on the questions, these logs can provide a large suite of answers about the nature and textures of. Pdf fault interpretation using image logs researchgate. A variety of customizable color maps can be applied to the images. The text discusses how different log types measure various. Modern drilling fluids and drilling practices have also contributed to the confusion. Borehole image analysis and geological interpretation of selected. These images are used for a host of possible applications. Nov 23, 2012 a systematic approach to image interpretation posted by markwilliams123 on november 23, 2012 subsequent to this weeks lecture concerning the fundamentals of image interpretation i feel i have learnt some really useful tips and would like to develop my ability and confidence in commenting on radiographs using the techniques discussed.
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